New Post: Pharmaceutical Production

THE PRODUCTION OF PHARMACEUTICAL

Hello dear readers,

In this week's content bulletin, we will examine together the pharmaceutical production, which has an important place in the chemical industry. Happy reading to all!

WHAT IS PHARMACEUTICAL?

Pharmaceuticals are chemical substances used to treat diseases or relieve symptoms. In general, drugs are used for:

* Treatment: Drugs are used to completely cure or control a disease. For example, antibiotics are used to treat infections.

* Alleviation of Symptoms: Medications can be used to reduce or eliminate certain symptoms. For example, pain relievers are used to relieve pain.

* Prevention of Disease Progression: Some drugs are used to slow or prevent the progression of diseases. For example, cholesterol medications can help prevent the progression of heart disease.

* Diagnosis: Some drugs can be used to diagnose or diagnose disease. For example, contrast agents are used in X-ray or MRI scans.

HISTORY OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL

The History of the pharmaceutical is in archaeological evidence based on prehistory of chemical compounds in the amine structure produced naturally by plants, animals and fungi, called alkaloids; B.C. It was shared by the Shamans, that medicinal plants were used in the cultures of the Paleolithic Age – Old Stone Age – Neolithic Age – which dates back to 60 thousand years.

The first written source on the use of plants and minerals in medical science; It is depicted in tomb paintings of ancient Chinese and Indians, as well as ancient Mediterranean civilizations such as Egypt, Greece, and Rome. BC in Babylon A stone tablet prepared around 1700 is shown as the oldest known medicine catalogue. Alexandrian alchemical scholars He prepared and used copper sulphate in the II and I. centuries, and many drugs that have a place in medical science today.

Greek physician and pharmacology scholar Dioscorides Pedanius, who is considered the father of botanical science; M.S. His work titled “De Materia Medica – On Pharmaceutical Information”, which he prepared in 77, consists of 5 chapters. The work, which was among the basic reference books of pharmacology until the 15th century; He identified approximately 600 plants in medical science, considering more than 660 herbal, 35 animal and 90 substances.

COMPANIES OPERATING IN THE WORLD PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR

There are many pharmaceutical companies around the world. Some of the leading companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry are:

* Pfizer: Based in the USA, Pfizer is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It operates in many fields such as vaccines, cancer treatments, cardiovascular drugs.

* Johnson & Johnson: Johnson & Johnson, of American origin, is a multinational company that produces various products in the healthcare field. It operates in fields such as pharmaceuticals, medical devices, personal care products.

* Novartis: Based in Switzerland, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It produces drugs in areas such as cardiovascular drugs, oncology, eye health, neurology.

* Roche: Based in Switzerland, Roche is a company operating in the field of biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. It has products in many areas such as cancer treatments, inflammatory diseases, and infectious diseases.

* Merck & Co.: Based in the USA, Merck & Co. is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. It produces drugs in areas such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases.

* Sanofi: Sanofi, of French origin, is one of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies. It produces drugs in many fields such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurology, immune system.

* AstraZeneca: AstraZeneca, a British-Swedish combination, is a company that manufactures medicines for many therapeutic areas. It operates in areas such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases.

* GSK (GlaxoSmithKline): UK-based GSK is a worldwide pharmaceutical company. It produces drugs in areas such as asthma, HIV/AIDS, oncology, infectious diseases.

This is just a few examples, there are many large and small pharmaceutical companies around the world. As the pharmaceutical industry is a rapidly developing industry, it is possible for new companies to emerge or to expand the activities of existing companies.

PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION

The manufacturing process of pharmaceuticals usually consists of the following steps:

*Discovery and Development: Pharmaceutical production is often a long and complex process. In this process, research is done to discover a new drug or improve an existing drug. At this stage, experts from fields such as molecular biology, chemistry, and pharmacology come together and work to discover potential drug targets and compounds.

*Pre-Clinical Research: Discovered potential drugs are tested in preclinical studies in vitro and in animal models. At this stage, factors such as drug action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and interactions are evaluated. Compounds that are successful at this stage are selected for clinical trials.

*Clinical Trials: The drug candidate undergoes clinical trials for testing on humans. This phase usually consists of three phases:

a. Phase I: The safety and tolerability of the drug is examined. This step, performed on a small group of volunteers, is designed to determine the dosage of the drug.

b. Phase II: The efficacy and side effects of the drug are studied in a larger group of patients. At this stage, the optimal dose and duration of use of the drug are determined.

c. Phase III: The efficacy, safety and side effects of the drug are evaluated in a large patient group. At this stage, controlled clinical trials are usually conducted on thousands of patients.

*Regulatory and Monitoring: After successfully completing clinical trials of the drug, the pharmaceutical company applies for the approval of the drug by the regulatory authorities. Relevant regulatory bodies evaluate the effectiveness, safety and quality of the drug. If approved, the drug becomes prescribing on the market.

*Manufacturing: The drug manufacturing process involves the large-scale production of an approved drug. In this process, pharmaceutical raw materials (active ingredients), excipients and filling materials are used. Pharmaceutical manufacturing takes place in a sterile and controlled environment under strict quality control measures. Medicines can be produced in various forms such as tablets, capsules, liquids or injections.

*Packaging and Distribution: Produced drugs are packaged and labeled appropriately. This step ensures that medications are correctly identified, instructions for use attached, and stored securely. The drugs are then delivered to patients or pharmacies through distribution channels.

Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a complex process and is subject to strict regulatory standards. This helps ensure the safety, efficacy and quality of drugs. Each step is taken with great care to ensure that drugs reach patients effectively and safely.

Thank you for reading… See you next week!